1.2 The parts of the lymphatic system
The parts of the lymphatic system are:
- Lymph: A clear or straw-colored liquid consisting of water, large molecules proteins, salts and waste products (eg: dead cells).
- Lymphatic Capillaries: Very small vessels located under the skin which are the first collection point for lymph.
- Pre-collecting vessels: These vessels are larger in diameter than capillaries and are located deeper in the tissues.
- Collector vessels: They are larger vessels than the pre-collector vessels and are located quite deep in the body.
- Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes vary in size, from 1mm to 25mm, about the size of an almond. There are about 600 lymph nodes scattered throughout the trunk, and some of them are quite deep, while others are more superficial. They start in the neck area (cervical lymph nodes) and continue down to the armpit (axillary lymph nodes) and groin area (inguinal lymph nodes). Some are isolated, while others are found grouped together. The most superficial layer of the lymph nodes is made up of densely packed ordered lymphocytes which activate the immune system if needed. Lymphocytes consist of various types of leukocytes that are necessary to protect the body from inflammation .
- Lymphatic vessels: They are the largest vessels in diameter that pump lymph to the left and right subclavian veins at the level of the shoulders and neck.